世界征服者史

《世界征服者史》（波斯语：تاریخ جهانگشای，Tārīkh-i Jahāngushāy），是13世纪伊朗伊儿汗国历史家阿塔·马里克·志费尼的著作，是蒙古帝国征战的详细历史记载，也被认为是波斯文学的无价之宝。

这本书也是蒙古人入侵他的祖国伊朗的记载，成吉思汗军队在1219年迅速掠过塔中亚丝绸之路上的成熟城市（包括讹答剌，布哈拉，和撒马尔罕），以及连续的战役，直到成吉思汗在1227年去世，再写至1260年代。

他的著作有时会夸大，因为他估计蒙古军队的兵力为700,000人，而其他方面的估计则在105,000至130,000之间。他的描述通常是从一种戏剧性的角度来写的，然而和《蒙古秘史》与《史集》一样，志费尼的著作是研究蒙古帝国历史的珍贵史料。

汉译本由何高济从波义勒英译本转译。

Tārīkh-i Jahāngushāy (Persian: تاریخ جهانگشای, lit. 'The History of the World Conqueror') or Tārīkh-i Jahāngushāy-i Juwaynī (تاریخ جهانگشای جوینی) is a detailed historical account written by bureaucrat and historian, Ata-Malik Juvayni, describing the Mongol, Hulegu Khan, and Ilkhanid conquest of Persia as well as the history of Isma'ilis. It is considered an invaluable work of Persian literature.

Written in Persian, it is one of the earliest known examples of Persian miniature and the "Metropolitan style" of the Mongol Ilkhanid court, together with the 1297-1299 manuscript Manafi' al-Hayawan (Ms M. 500) commissioned by Mongol ruler Ghazan. There are no earlier known Persian illustrated manuscripts from before the Mongol conquest (with the possible exception of Varka and Golshah, which however was created in Konya, at the time of the Sultanate of Rum sometime in the 13th century), although miniatures are known from Mina'i ceramics.

Contents

This account of the Mongol invasions of his homeland Iran, written based on survivor accounts, is one of the main sources on the rapid sweep of Genghis Khan's armies through the nomadic tribes of Central Asia and the established cities of the Silk Road including Otrar, Bukhara, and Samarkand in 1219, and successive campaigns until Genghis Khan's death in 1227 and beyond.

Juvayni's writing is sometimes inflated, as when he estimates the strength of the Mongol army at 700,000, against other accounts that put the number between 105,000 and 130,000. His descriptions are often written from a sense of drama.*

Juvayni's descriptions are, however, a very valuable resource for contemporary Mongol history, along with the work of Rashid al-Din, and the Secret History of the Mongols.

Description of Mongol hunts

One of his convincing descriptions is that of the Mongol hunt or nerge as an army training exercise for the nomadic Mongols. In a nerge, the whole army rounded up all the animals over a large region, in order to obtain dried meat before the onset of winter.

In the time of Genghis Khan, the nerge was converted into an exercise in discipline, with severe punishments for commanders of tens, hundreds, or thousands who let animals escape. This is because the Yassa, the Mongolian de facto law, is without respect of persons and, according to the Persian historian Mirkhvand, enjoins corporal punishment without respect of persons for those who allow animals to escape. Once rounded up, the animals were ruthlessly massacred, first by the Khan, then by princes, and finally, only after so commanded, by all the army. This was to form a model for the ruthlessness of Mongol attacks on well-established human settlements.

An account of the tragic failure of a Chinese student – (Jiang Rong: "The Wolf") – to save a wild wolf of a type formerly hunted by the historical Mongol people (and still today by their descendants), would indicate that wolves were targeted by such hunts, as traditional methods of the ravaging wolves in imminent danger of extinction were described. Snow leopards and others were also likely to have been hunted.

Critical edition and translation

Juvayni stopped working on the original Persian-language text in 1260, leaving it in a disorganised and incomplete state. In the twentieth century, Mirza Muhammad Qazvini compiled a critical edition, which was published in 1937.

Based on Qavzini's text, John Andrew Boyle produced an English translation in two volumes in 1958. A book review of the 1958 edition was published by The American Historical Review. A revised edition of the Boyle translation was published in 1997.