约翰·加斯

约翰·加斯（英语：John Garth）是英国作家，以对J·R·R·托尔金的研究而闻名，代表作为《托尔金与世界大战》（2003年）和《托尔金的世界》（2020年）。

2014年至2017年担任《今日牛津》的数字编辑。

其撰写的书评文章发表在《卫报》、《泰晤士报》、《新政治家》、《每日野兽》、《每日电讯报》、《今日牛津》等媒体上。

获奖

2017年，托尔金协会奖突出贡献奖。

John Garth is a British journalist and author, known especially for writings about J. R. R. Tolkien including his biography Tolkien and the Great War and a book on the places that inspired Middle-earth, The Worlds of J. R. R. Tolkien. He won a 2004 Mythopoeic Award for Scholarship for his work on Tolkien. The biography influenced much Tolkien scholarship in the subsequent decades.

Biography

John Garth read English at St Anne's College, Oxford. He trained as a journalist and worked for 18 years in newspapers including the Evening Standard in London. He then became a freelance author specialising in J. R. R. Tolkien, while continuing to contribute newspaper articles.

Among his works of Tolkien scholarship are two monographs, namely the 2003 Tolkien and the Great War: The Threshold of Middle-earth and the 2020 The Worlds of J. R. R. Tolkien: The Places that Inspired Middle-earth. His many articles and chapters on Tolkien include "A Brief Biography" in Wiley-Blackwell's 2014 A Companion to J. R. R. Tolkien, and ten historical essays in Routledge's 2006 J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia: Scholarship and Critical Assessment. He has contributed articles and book reviews on Tolkien-related subjects in the specialist journals Tolkien Studies and Mallorn, and in the national press including The Guardian, The Times, The Daily Telegraph, New Statesman, and The Times Literary Supplement.

Reception

Tolkien and the Great War

Luke Shelton, editor of Mallorn, the journal of the Tolkien Society, called Tolkien and the Great War an excellent book on how the First World War might have shaped Tolkien's thought.

The Tolkien scholar Janet Brennan Croft, reviewing the same book for World Literature Today, wrote that Garth had ably portrayed Tolkien's early life with his close friends, using their own papers and their British Army company records. She found the first part of the book "somewhat leisurely", but the account of Tolkien's training and battlefield experience was "gripping".

Garth's biography of Tolkien in his war years influenced much Tolkien scholarship in the subsequent decades. By 2021, a reviewer was able to state that each of the 16 essays in a scholarly collection was responding to "Garth's seminal [work]".

Tolkien at Exeter College

The Tolkien scholar Michael Foster, reviewing Tolkien at Exeter College for Mythlore, described it as "a very good thing indeed", even if small (at 64 pages), with "rare photographs" that revealed "a time of innocence, a time of confidences", and serving as a kind of prequel to Tolkien and the Great War.

The Worlds of J.R.R. Tolkien

Reviewing The Worlds of J.R.R. Tolkien: The Places that Inspired Middle-earth for Mythlore, Foster described the book as a "masterful study ... encyclopedic in its scope", combining details of Tolkien's life with Middle-earth. He admired the photographs as well as their scholarship and found "virtue" in the journalistic use of sidebars on background topics like Tolkien's debt to Anglo-Saxon cosmology or his mythology for England. He quotes Garth's account of the impact of Tolkien's "many trips to the trenches" in 1916, passing a crossroads where "a calvary had once stood .. at a tree-girt crossroads that the soldiers called Crucifix Corner. Similarly, en route to Mordor, Frodo and Sam see the old stone king at the Crossroads in Ithilien—his head knocked off by orcs yet still whole." Foster comments that "Thus the Somme was reborn as the most horrific geography of Middle-earth. It inspired the Dead Marshes, the Barrow-downs, and Morgul Vale."

Awards and distinctions

2004 Mythopoeic Award for Scholarship

2014, 2016, 2017 The Tolkien Society Awards (2 best articles, 1 outstanding contribution)

2015 Fellow in Humanistic Studies, Black Mountain Institute, University of Las Vegas

Works

Garth has written many articles and book reviews in newspapers and magazines including The Guardian. Some of his major works are listed below.

Books

2003 Tolkien and the Great War: The Threshold of Middle-earth (HarperCollins & Houghton Mifflin). The book has been translated into at least nine languages.