埃丝特·迪弗洛

埃丝特·迪弗洛 （法语：Esther Duflo；法语：[dyflo]，1972年10月25日—），法裔美国经济学家，阿卜杜勒·拉提夫·贾米勒贫困行动实验室（J-PAL）联合创始人，2019年诺贝尔经济学奖得主之一，现在美国麻省理工学院担任发展经济学教授。迪弗洛是国家经济研究局副研究员，服务于经济分析董事会，是经济和政策研究的发展经济学主管。

生平

迪弗洛生于巴黎的一个基督新教家庭，父亲是数学家，母亲是一名儿科医生。她就读亨利四世中学时专修文科，后考入巴黎高等师范学校主修历史；但与时任教于巴黎高等师范学校的汤玛斯·皮克提深谈后，决定转攻应用经济学。1994年获得巴黎高等师范学校历史学硕士，论文写的是苏联五年计划；1995年获得社会科学高等学院经济学硕士(DEA)，同年入麻省理工学院经济学研究所，1999年于印度裔教授阿比吉特·班纳吉的指导下完成博士论文（2015年两人结婚）。2004年获得普林斯顿大学经济系终身职；2010年获约翰·贝茨·克拉克奖。2019年以因“在减轻全球贫困方面的实验性做法”，而与丈夫阿比吉特·班纳吉和麦可·克雷默一起获得诺贝尔经济学奖。她是该奖继埃莉诺·奥斯特罗姆后第二位女性得主，也是至今最年轻的得主（47岁）。

Esther Caroline Duflo, FBA (French: [ɛstɛʁ dyflo]; born 25 October 1972) is a French-American economist, and the Lemann Foundation Professor in Economics at the Department of Economics of the University of Zurich (UZH). In 2019, she was jointly awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences alongside her husband Abhijit Banerjee and Michael Kremer "for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty".

In addition to her academic appointment, Duflo is the co-founder and co-director of the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab (J-PAL), an MIT-based research center promoting the use of randomized controlled trials in policy evaluation. As of 2020, more than 400 million people had been impacted by programs tested by J-PAL affiliated researchers. Since 2024, Duflo has also been the president of the Paris School of Economics alongside her appointment at MIT. In October 2025, the University of Zurich announced that Duflo and Banerjee would be joining the faculty of the UZH School of Business, Economics, and Informatics in July 2026.

Duflo is a Research Associate of the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), a board member of the Bureau for Research and Economic Analysis of Development (BREAD), and the director of the development economics program of the Centre for Economic Policy Research. Her research focuses on the microeconomics of development and spans topics such as household behavior, education, financial inclusion, political economy, gender, and health. Prior to receiving the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, Duflo was awarded the Calvó-Armengol International Prize (2019), the Elaine Bennett Research Prize (2002) and the John Bates Clark Medal (2010) by the American Economic Association.

Together with Abhijit Banerjee, Duflo is the co-author of Poor Economics and Good Economics for Hard Times, published in April 2011 and November 2019, respectively. According to the Open Syllabus Project, Duflo is the seventh most frequently cited author on college syllabi for economics courses.

Early life and education

Duflo was born on 25 October 1972 to Violaine and Michel Duflo at the Port Royal Hospital in Paris, France. Her father was a mathematics professor, and her mother was a pediatrician. During Duflo's childhood, her mother often traveled, volunteering for a humanitarian NGO providing support to childhood victims of war. Duflo was raised and attended schools until grade 11 in Asnières, a western suburb of Paris. Duflo completed her secondary schooling in 1990 at the Lycée Henri-IV, a magnet school in central Paris.

After secondary school, Duflo pursued an undergraduate degree at the École Normale Supérieure in Paris, where she specialized in history and economics. She intended to study history prior to beginning her degree, but was recruited to study economics by Daniel Cohen. From 1993 to 1994, she worked as a French teaching assistant in Moscow, where she wrote her history master's dissertation. In Moscow, she worked as a research assistant at the Central Bank of Russia, and as an assistant to Jeffrey Sachs, an American economist selected to advise the Russian Ministry of Finance in the aftermath of the collapse of the Soviet Union. The experience led her to conclude that "economics had potential as a lever of action in the world" and she could satisfy academic ambitions while doing "things that mattered".