让-多米尼克·鲍比

让-多米尼克·鲍比（法语：Jean-Dominique Bauby，1952年4月23日—1997年3月9日），法国杂志编辑和作家，《潜水钟与蝴蝶》的作者。

生平

鲍比出生在法国巴黎，也在巴黎长大。学校毕业后曾经担任过记者，于1991年开始在巴黎知名流行服饰杂志ELLE担任编辑。1995年12月8日中风，20天后苏醒，完全丧失发音能力，仅剩下一只左眼能够眨动，这种症状在临床医学中被称为“闭锁症候群”。他用了两年时间完成生命中唯一的一本书--《潜水钟与蝴蝶》。整本书依靠听读方式完成，一名记录者念出一个按照法语字母使用频率（ESARINTULOMDPCFBVHGJQZYXKW）排列的字母表，直到鲍比用眨眼来选择需要的字母，如此往复。一个单词平均耗时两分钟，而整本书依靠大约20万次眨眼完成。鲍比在书中记录自己中风后的日常生活，包括与家人在海滩嬉戏，洗澡以及朋友来访等生活点滴。1997年3月《潜水钟与蝴蝶》出版，首周销量达到15万本。出版后两天，他因肺炎在医院过世，葬于巴黎拉雪兹神父公墓。

成就

2007年，画家朱利安·许纳贝导演了改编于《潜水钟与蝴蝶》的同名电影，鲍比由马修·亚玛希饰演。该片获得了戛纳电影节最佳导演奖、金球奖，以及奥斯卡最佳导演奖提名。

Jean-Dominique Bauby (French: [ʒɑ̃ dɔminik bobi]; 23 April 1952 – 9 March 1997) was a French journalist, author and editor of the French fashion magazine Elle. After developing locked-in syndrome in 1995 following a debilitating stroke, he dictated a memoir, The Diving Bell and the Butterfly, using a system of communication based on blinking.

Early life and career

Bauby was born in the 14th arrondissement of Paris, and grew up in the 1st arrondissement of Paris, on Rue du Mont-Thabor, north of the Tuileries Garden, living in the building where Alfred de Musset had lived.

He began his journalism career at Combat and then Le Quotidien de Paris. He received his first by-line the day Georges Pompidou died in 1974. At age 28, he was promoted to editor-in-chief of the daily Le Matin de Paris, before becoming editor of the cultural section of Paris Match. He then joined the editorial staff of Elle, and later became the magazine's editor.

Bauby was in a relationship with Sylvie de la Rochefoucauld for ten years. They had a son and a daughter together. They separated when he began a relationship with Florence Ben Sadoun, also a journalist at Elle.

Memoir

On 8 December 1995, at the age of 43, Bauby had a stroke while driving his son to a night out at the theatre. When he woke up in the hospital 20 days later, he could only blink his left eyelid. He had locked-in syndrome, in which the mental faculties remain intact but most of the body is paralyzed. In Bauby's case, his mouth, arms, and legs were paralyzed, and he lost 27 kilograms (60 lb) in the first 20 weeks after his stroke.

Before his stroke, Bauby had signed a contract to write a book. His speech therapist, Sandrine Fichou, arranged a 26-letter alphabet according to the frequency of use so he could dictate. Claude Mendibil, a ghostwriter and freelance book editor, was sent by his publisher Robert Laffont to take the dictation using a system called partner-assisted scanning. She recited the alphabet until Bauby blinked at the correct letter, and recorded the 130-page manuscript letter by letter over the course of two months, working three hours a day, seven days a week.

The resulting book, The Diving Bell and the Butterfly, was published on Friday, 7 March 1997. It went on to become a number one bestseller across Europe and its total sales are now in the millions. At the age of 44, Bauby died from pneumonia, two days after the publishing of his book. He is buried in a family grave at the Père-Lachaise cemetery in Paris, France.

Films

A few days after Bauby's death, Bouillon de culture featured the book, and Jean-Jacques Beineix's short documentary, Assigné à résidence about Bauby in the Hôpital maritime de Berck, with the writer and editor, Claude Mendibil, and Bauby's partner, Florence Ben Sadoun.

In 2007, painter and director Julian Schnabel released a film version of The Diving Bell and the Butterfly adapted for the screen by Ronald Harwood. It starred Mathieu Amalric as Bauby. Critically acclaimed, the film received the Best Director Prize at Cannes Film Festival, and Golden Globe Awards for Best Foreign Language Film and Best Director, as well as four Academy Award nominations.

The film was criticized by Bauby's closest circle of friends as not faithful to events and biased in favor of his ex-partner Sylvie de la Rochefoucauld. His late-life partner Florence Ben Sadoun was represented as shunning him after his stroke, although in reality she visited him frequently at the hospital in Berck-sur-Mer where he lived during his final days. Bauby notes her visits in his memoir. Beth Arnold of Salon.com notes: