祖亚诺·马杜尼

朱亚诺·马托雷尔（巴伦西亚语：Joanot Martorell，1413年－1468年）是一名出生在甘迪亚的巴伦西亚骑士，著有骑士小说《骑士蒂朗》。小说以巴伦西亚语白话文（马托雷尔称其为“vulgar llengua valenciana”）写成，并于1490年在巴伦西亚出版。

小说讲述了一个骑士在拜占庭帝国的冒险经历。米格尔·德赛凡提斯在他的小说《唐吉诃德》中一处描写焚书场景时提到《骑士蒂朗》，并认为它是有史以来最好的骑士小说。马托雷尔本身也是一位骑士，他因卷入宫廷阴谋而遗下尚未完成的小说提早离世，因此小说由他的同事兼好友马蒂·祖安·德·加尔巴续写完成。

Joanot Martorell (Valencian: [dʒuaˈnɔd maɾtoˈɾeʎ]; c. 1410 – 1465) was a Valencian knight and writer, best known for authoring the novel Tirant lo Blanch, written in Catalan/Valencian and published at Valencia in 1490. This novel is often regarded as one of the peaks of the literature in Catalan language and it played a major role in influencing later writers such as Miguel de Cervantes, who, in the book burning scene of Don Quixote, says "I swear to you, my friend, this (Tirant lo Blanch) is the best book of its kind in the world". The novel deals with the adventures of a knight in the Byzantine Empire; it is considered one of the first works of alternate history.

Martorell apparently was a chivalrous man and suffered an early death due to court intrigue, leaving the novel unfinished. It was prepared for publication by his friend and colleague, Martí Joan de Galba.

Biography

Martorell was born in Valencia around the year 1410. According to the historian Jaume Chiner, Martorell's family was originally from Gandía. His grandfather, Guillem Martorell, was a royal advisor and his father, Francesc Martorell, married to Damiata Abelló, was butler to King Martin the Humane. A sister of Joanot Martorell, Isabel, was married to Ausiàs March.

There are many biographical details that show Martorell to have been a combative and aggressive knight with a hectic life, marked by various trips and knightly adventures, although most of his disputes, including the challenges to the death, did not go beyond verbal duels. His first appointment of knighthood dates to 1433.

Martorell spent many years in England (on one of his stays, in 1438, he translated the 12th-century poem Guy of Warwick), Portugal and Naples, as a result of various knightly disputes of which he was so fond, and about which information exists thanks to the fourteen "lletres de batalla" (battle letters, or exchanged letters) that Martorell wrote throughout his life and that were published in the editions of Tirante el Blanco edited by Martí de Riquer in 1969 and 1979.

The confrontations Martorell had include the following:

On one occasion, Martorell challenged his cousin Joan de Monpalau. Monpalau had apparently been in love with a sister of Martorell's and had promised to marry her, then refused to keep his promise. The dispute lasted from 1437 to 1445.

Between 1444 and 1450 there is evidence of another dispute with Gonzalo de Híjar, commander of Montalbán, over a matter related to the sale of some properties. It was settled in favor of Martorell.

In 1442 he had another lawsuit against Philip Boïl, for reasons of testimony.

In 1454, Martorell traveled to Naples to help Alfonso the Magnanimous.

He lived in Plaça de Sant Jordi (now Plaça de Rodrigo Botet), a neighbor of Joan Roís de Corella. After the sale of his estates, his financial ruin increased; Martí Joan de Galba, who lived in Valencia, often lent him money because Martorell was in such great need.

Martorell died in Valencia, leaving no descendants. The date of his death is placed at the beginning of 1465.