Arturo Islas

Arturo Islas Jr. (May 25, 1938 – February 15, 1991) was an English professor and novelist from El Paso, Texas, whose writing focused on the experience of Chicano cultural duality.

He received three degrees from Stanford: a B.A. in 1960, a Masters in 1963 and a Ph.D. in 1971, when he joined the Stanford faculty. Islas was one of the first Chicanos in the United States to earn a Ph.D. in English. In 1976, he became the first Chicano faculty member to receive tenure at Stanford.

Islas died on February 15, 1991, from complications related to AIDS.

Early life and education

Fleeing the Mexican Revolution, Islas' father and paternal grandparents crossed the United-States-Mexico border to live in El Paso, Texas, in 1910. Islas' grandmother, Crecenciana, was a teacher who devoted much of her time to disciplining and educating her children, teaching them to read, write and speak fluent English, enabling Islas' father, Arturo Islas Sr., became a police officer in a largely white police force, and passing onto Arturo Jr. and his cousins a deep connection with learning. Arturo Sr. and Jovita Islas had three sons altogether; Mario Islas became a priest in Liberia, and Luis Islas became at attorney in El Paso.

Despite a life-threatening polio attack during childhood that left him with a permanent limp, Islas was a good student, and graduated as valedictorian of his class from El Paso Public High School in 1956, beginning undergraduate studies at Stanford University in Palo Alto in the fall of the same year. Islas initially intended to be a pre-med student in order to follow a career as a neurosurgeon. However, after his first biology and chemistry classes resulted in B's, Islas decided to study humanities instead, where he was receiving A's and excelling in his coursework. Islas ultimately became an English major, and sources differ on whether he minored in French Literature or religious studies. Islas received several honors for his success in his study of literature, eventually being elected to the Phi Beta Kappa Honor Society and receiving several awards for creative writing. After completing his B.A. in 1960, Islas went on to earn both a master's degree (1963) and Ph.D. (1971) in English from Stanford.

Later life and career

After completing his Ph.D. in 1971, Arturo immediately joined the faculty of Stanford University in the English department. He was the chair of the Faculty Recruitment Committee, adviser to Chicano undergraduates and fellows, and co-director of the Stanford Center for Chicano Research. He taught classes focusing on the English language and minority groups, and a class entitled "Chicano Themes", the first such class to be taught in Stanford's English Department. He received the Dinkelspiel Award for Undergraduate Teaching Excellence in 1976. In the same year, he was promoted to associate professor, thereby becoming Stanford's first tenured Chicano professor. In 1977, Islas took a sabbatical to finish writing Dia de los Muertos, the novel that would be published as The Rain God in 1984. The novel was awarded the best fiction prize from the Border Regional Library Conference in 1985 and was selected by the Bay Area Reviewers Association as one of the three best novels of 1984. In 1986, Islas became a full professor at Stanford University and began to write Migrant Souls, a sequel to The Rain God that was published in 1991. He had planned the books to be part of a trilogy and was working on the final book, La Mollie and the King of Tears, when he died. The novel was published posthumously.

Personal life

Islas lived with Jay Spears until they broke up in 1970. Islas learned in 1985 that Spears was in hospital with AIDS, from which he died in 1986. Islas himself died of complications related to AIDS on 15 February 1991 at his campus home.

Writing style

Islas wrote and published in several genres, but is best known for his two finished novels, The Rain God and Migrant Souls. Both of these books depict the Angel family, who live in the border region of the United States. Islas believed deeply in writing about the Chicano experience in America to "help make visible Chicano/a creative expression and [the] struggle against institutional and individual racist acts", and encouraged his Chicano/a students to write from their own heritage and experience. Islas consistently used autobiographical details in his novels, particularly in the form of the character Miguel, who attends college in California and struggles with serious health issues, as Islas did for most of his life. Islas also wrote local stories about El Paso into his work, and his disciplinarian grandmother, Crecenciana, appears in the form of Mama Chona.

One scholar wrote that "[The Rain God] is a fictional autobiography because it is, first and foremost, the protagonist's own account of how the Angel family shaped his self-identity." In general, The Rain God uses a third person narrator who, through indirect discourse, is deeply sympathetic with and self-conscious of his connection to the main character, connecting the writer to the protagonist. In other works like La Mollie and the King of Tears, Islas uses a first-person narrator who speaks in dialect to reinforce the influence of personal experience on the work. In both cases, the impact of Islas' heritage on the form and style of his work is plain. While not an exact retelling of his life, Islas' depictions of the Angel family place him in the category of contemporary semi-autobiographical Chicano/a writers from working-class backgrounds who have transcended language barriers to include Chicano/as in the class of educated, published people.