爱德华多·加莱亚诺

爱德华多·赫尔曼·玛丽亚·休斯·加莱亚诺（西班牙语：Eduardo Germán María Hughes Galeano，1940年9月3日—2015年4月13日）是乌拉圭记者、小说家。

生平

1940年出生于蒙得维的亚，他最出名的作品是《火的记忆》（1986）和《拉丁美洲被切开的血管》（1971），后者被译成20种语言，超越了正统的流派界限：融虚构、新闻、政治分析和历史为一炉。作者自己曾说：“ 我是一名为记忆所困扰的作家，我记住的首先是美洲的过去，尤其是拉美的过去，这片亲爱的土地注定要失忆。”

Eduardo Germán María Hughes Galeano (Spanish: [eˈðwaɾðo ɣaleˈano]; 3 September 1940 – 13 April 2015) was a Uruguayan journalist, writer and novelist considered, among other things, "a literary giant of the Latin American left" and "global soccer's pre-eminent man of letters".

Galeano's best-known works are Las venas abiertas de América Latina (Open Veins of Latin America, 1971) and Memoria del fuego (Memory of Fire, 1982–6). "I'm a writer," the author once said of himself, "obsessed with remembering, with remembering the past of America and above all that of Latin America, intimate land condemned to amnesia."

Author Isabel Allende, who said her copy of Galeano's book was one of the few items with which she fled Chile in 1973 after the military coup of Augusto Pinochet, called Open Veins of Latin America "a mixture of meticulous detail, political conviction, poetic flair, and good storytelling."

Life

Galeano was born in Montevideo, Uruguay, on 3 September 1940. He was the son of Eduardo Hughes Roosen, an official at the Ministry of Livestock, Agriculture, and Fisheries and owner of a ranch in the Paysandú Department, and Licia Esther Galeano Muñoz. He was of Welsh, Italian, German and Spanish descent.

Coming from a prominent Uruguayan family, he was a descendant, through his maternal line, of Fructuoso Rivera, the first president of Uruguay, and, through his paternal line, of Leandro Gómez, a military leader recognized for his defense of the city of Paysandú during its siege in 1864.

After completing two years of secondary school at Erwy School, Galeano went to work at age fourteen in various jobs, including messenger and fare collector. He eventually landed at El Sol. The Uruguayan socialist weekly first published the teenager's comics prior to his writing. Galeano's passion for drawing continued throughout his life; his vignettes can be seen in many of his later books while his signature was often accompanied by a small hand-drawn pig. As a journalist throughout the 1960s Galeano rose in prominence among leftist publications, and became editor of Marcha, an influential weekly with contributors such as Mario Vargas Llosa, Mario Benedetti, Manuel Maldonado Denis and Roberto Fernández Retamar. For two years he edited the daily Época and worked as editor-in-chief of the University Press. In 1959 he married his first wife, Silvia Brando, and in 1962, having divorced, he remarried to Graciela Berro. He wrote under his maternal family name; as a young man, he briefly wrote for a Uruguayan socialist publication, El Sol, signing articles as "Gius," "a pseudonym approximating the pronunciation in Spanish of his paternal surname Hughes."

In 1973, a military coup took power in Uruguay; Galeano was imprisoned and later was forced to flee, going into exile in Argentina where he founded the magazine Crisis. His 1971 book Open Veins of Latin America was banned by the right-wing military government, not only in Uruguay, but also in Chile and Argentina. In 1976 he married for the third time to Helena Villagra; however, in the same year, the Videla regime took power in Argentina in a bloody military coup and his name was added to the list of those condemned by the death squads. He fled again, this time to Spain, where he wrote his famous trilogy, Memoria del fuego (Memory of Fire), described as "the most powerful literary indictment of colonialism in the Americas."