索菲娅·德梅洛·布雷内·安德烈森

索菲娅·安德雷森（葡萄牙语：Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen，1919年11月6日—2004年7月2日），葡萄牙诗人和作家，出生于波尔图，就读于里斯本大学。1969年朱奥·西萨·蒙岱罗拍摄了一部关于她的纪录片。

Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen (6 November 1919 – 2 July 2004) was a Portuguese poet and writer. Considered one of the most important Portuguese poets of the 20th century, she published fourteen poetry books between 1944 and 1997, covering themes such as the natural world, the search for justice, Ancient Greece and the importance of poetry. As a novelist, she published several children's books, which she wrote for her own children, mainly in the 1950s and 1960s. She also wrote essays and theatre plays.

Andresen was actively involved in social causes and politics. An opponent of the Estado Novo regime and the Portuguese Colonial War, she was a founder of the National Commission for Support of Political Prisoners. Following the Carnation Revolution, she was a deputy for the Socialist Party in the Constituent Assembly of Portugal, between 1975 and 1976, which created the current Portuguese Constitution.

Andresen was the first Portuguese woman to be awarded the Camões Prize, in 1999. She died in 2004, at the age of 84. Her remains have been entombed in the National Pantheon since 2014.

Life and career

Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen was born on 6 November 1919 in Porto, Portugal. She was the daughter of Maria Amélia de Mello Breyner and João Henrique Andresen. She had Danish ancestry on her father's side, notably her paternal great-grandfather, Jan Andresen, who had traveled alone to Porto as a boy and never left the region. In 1895, Sophia's grandfather bought Quinta do Campo Alegre, now known as the Porto Botanical Garden, where he raised his family. As stated by Sophia in a 1993 interview, the house and grounds were "a fabulous territory with a large and rich family served by a large household staff."

Her mother, Maria Amélia, was the daughter of Tomás de Mello Breyner, Count of Mafra, a medical doctor of distant Austrian descent and friend of King D. Carlos. Maria Amélia is also the granddaughter of the capitalist Henrique Burnay, from a Belgian family living in Portugal, and future Count of Burnay.

Sophia began her studies at the new Sacred Heart of Jesus College, at 1354 Avenida da Boavista, Porto, entering with the school's first class.

Raised in a mix of bourgeois and old Portuguese aristocracy and educated with traditional Christian morality, she was leader of Catholic university movements while taking classes in Classical Philology at the University of Lisbon (1936–1939), which she never concluded. She collaborated with the magazine "Cadernos de Poesia", where she made friends with influential and well-known authors: Ruy Cinatti and Jorge de Sena. In time, she became one of the most representative figures of a liberal political attitude, supporting the monarchic movement and denouncing Prime minister Salazar's regime and its followers. The song called "Cantata da Paz", became famous as an intervention song of the Progressive Catholics: "We see, hear and read. We cannot ignore!"

In 1946, she married journalist, politician and lawyer Francisco Sousa Tavares (who she would divorce in 1988) and became mother of five children: Isabel, Maria, a university literature professor, Miguel, a journalist and writer, Sofia and Xavier, a painter and ceramist. Her children motivated her to write children's books.

In 1964, Andresen received the Grand Prize of Poetry by the Portuguese Society of Writers for her book Livro Sexto. Following the Carnation Revolution, she was elected to the Constituent Assembly in 1975 by the Porto circle on a Socialist Party list, while her husband joined the Social Democratic Party.