艾萨·卡特

艾萨·卡特，全名艾萨·厄尔·卡特（Asa Earl Carter，1925年9月4日—1979年6月7日），是一位生于美国阿拉巴马州安尼斯敦的1950年代三K党领导者、种族隔离主义演讲稿撰写者以及西部拓荒风格小说家。虽然他有过白人种族主义言论，但却又宣称自己有八分之一的印第安血统，真实家世成谜。

他曾在小乔治·华莱士参选阿拉巴马州州长时为其提出提倡种族隔离的口号，也在多年后化名佛瑞斯特·卡特（Forrest Carter）写作《恶汉约瑟‧威尔士》、《少年小树之歌》等文学作品。《少年小树之歌》是描写少年和印地安人祖父母之间的故事，出版时曾标榜是作者亲身经历，但卡特死后，作者的真实身份被人揭露，因而被证明这是夸大不实的宣传。

连结

艾萨·卡特于Find a Grave

艾萨·卡特在互联网电影资料库（IMDb）上的资料（英文）

Asa Earl Carter (September 4, 1925 – June 7, 1979) was an American segregationist and Ku Klux Klan organizer who was prominent in the 1950s for his activism and later as a Western fiction novelist. He was particularly known for his work as a co-writer of George Wallace's well-known pro-segregation line of 1963, "Segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever." He ran in the Democratic primary for governor of Alabama as a white supremacist. Later, under the pseudonym of supposedly Cherokee writer Forrest Carter, he wrote The Rebel Outlaw: Josey Wales (1972), a Western novel that was adapted into a 1976 film featuring Clint Eastwood that was added to the National Film Registry, and The Education of Little Tree (1976), a best-selling, award-winning book which was marketed as a memoir but which turned out to be fiction.

In 1976, following the success of The Rebel Outlaw and its film adaptation, The New York Times revealed Forrest Carter was actually Asa Carter. His background became national news again in 1991 after his purported memoir, The Education of Little Tree (1976), was re-issued in paperback, topping the Times paperback best-seller lists (both non-fiction and fiction) and winning the American Booksellers Book of the Year (ABBY) award.

Prior to his literary career as "Forrest", Carter was politically active for years in Alabama as an opponent of the civil rights movement. In the mid-1950s, he had a syndicated segregationist radio show, and worked as a speech writer for segregationist Governor George Wallace of Alabama. He also founded the North Alabama Citizens Council (NACC), an independent offshoot of the White Citizens' Council movement formed by Carter when the White Citizens' Council tried to moderate Carter's antisemitism. He also formed the militant and violent Ku Klux Klan group known as the Original Ku Klux Klan of the Confederacy, and started a monthly publication titled The Southerner which spread white supremacist and anti-communist rhetoric.

Early life

Asa Carter was born in Anniston, Alabama in 1925, the second eldest of four children. Despite later claims (as author "Forrest" Carter) that he was orphaned, he was raised by his parents Hermione and Ralph Carter in nearby Oxford, Alabama. Both parents lived into Carter's adulthood. According to high school classmates interviewed by historian and journalist Dan T. Carter and The Anniston Star reporter Fred Burger during the 1990s and 2000s, he was popular among girls, excelled academically, and was considered a gifted actor. These classmates also stated that he rarely talked about racial matters or politics in general. Carter graduated from Oxford High School in May 1943.

Carter served in the United States Navy during World War II, working as a radio operator on the attack transport Appling. During his time in service, the Office of Naval Intelligence investigated a group of sailors on the ship who were regularly meeting to read and discuss American pro-fascist writers such as Gerald L. K. Smith, Gerald Burton Winrod, Father Charles Coughlin, and William Dudley Pelley. Dan T. Carter argues that this reading group played a key part in Carter's political development. Carter was an active member of the group, and many of his views aligned closely with Smith's. According to Larry Carter, one of Asa Carter's brothers, Carter rarely discussed politics before his time in the Navy, but afterwards, he could speak at length about Smith and other far-right activists and even encouraged Larry to read Mein Kampf.

After serving in the Navy, he studied journalism for a year at the University of Colorado at Boulder on the G.I. Bill. After the war, he married India Thelma Walker. The couple settled in Birmingham, Alabama and had four children. His children were Ralph Walker Carter, Asa Earl Carter, both of Abilene, and Bedford Forrest Carter of Alabama; one daughter, India Lara Morgan of Jacksonville, Alabama.