失控 (1992)

《失控：机器、社会与经济的新生物学》（英语：Out of Control: The New Biology of Machines, Social Systems, and the Economic World）是凯文·凯利于1992年所著的书籍。失控的主题包括控制论、突现、自我组织，复杂系统和混沌理论，本书也可以被视作科技乌托邦主义的著作。

失控的中心理论是当代科学与哲学拥有共通之处：智慧不再被集中组织，而是更像蜂巢中的一个个蜂窝。凯利将这个观点应用于官僚组织和超越人脑的智能计算机。

失控也是在演出1999年的电影《黑客帝国》之前，沃卓斯基兄弟要求出演尼奥一角的基努·里维斯在开始读剧本之前必须阅读的三本书之一，（另两本是《仿像与模拟》）和《演化心理学》）

《失控》已被翻译为五种语言，包括西班牙语，德语，意大利语，日语和中文。中文版失控的翻译是由东西网在众包下完成，为作者称赞（致中文读者序）。。

Out of Control: The New Biology of Machines, Social Systems, and the Economic World (ISBN 978-0201483406) is a 1992 book by Kevin Kelly. Major themes in Out of Control are cybernetics, emergence, self-organization, complex systems, negentropy and chaos theory. The book can be seen as a work of techno-utopianism.

Summary

The book's central theme is that several fields of contemporary science and philosophy point in the same direction: intelligence is not organized in a centralized structure but is much more like a beehive composed of small, simple components. Kelly applies this view to bureaucratic organizations, intelligent computers, and the human brain.

Reception

Although the book was not widely reviewed upon its initial release in 1992, it gained visibility, was reviewed, and was extensively cited in subsequent years. Reviews often discussed Kelly's hive-mind analogy as a metaphor for the New Economy.

Reviewers have called the book a "mind-expanding exploration" (Publishers Weekly) and "the best of an important new genre" (Forbes ASAP).

Critics of the book have contended that its position precludes a critical approach to politics and social power.