乌韦·约翰森

乌韦·约翰森（英语：Uwe Johnson，1934年7月20日—1984年2月22日）是德国作家、编辑和学者。 20世纪50年代，由于反对社会主义现实主义并与东德当局不和，他被东德当局视为异见人士 。1959 年，乌韦·约翰森移居西柏林。乌韦·约翰森反对德国分裂。他的作品主要关注东德和西德的社会并探讨两者之间的关系。

Uwe Johnson (German pronunciation: [ˈuːvə ˈjoːnzɔn] ; 20 July 1934 – 22 February 1984) was a German writer, editor, and scholar. Such prominent writers and scholars as Günter Grass and Hans Mayer declared Johnson to be the most significant writer to emerge from East Germany. He was also called as "Dichter der deutschen Teilung" (lit. 'poet of the German Division').

During the 1950s, he had troubles with the East German authorities, being treated as a "dissident" both for political reasons and for Modernist experiments in his works which made him opposed to the dominant doctrine of Socialist realism; after moving to West Berlin in 1959, he gained the label of "the author of the two Germanies", as, while criticizing East Germany as the state which betrayed the Socialist ideals, he did not regard West Germany as a viable alternative and opposed the division of Germany in general.

His works were dedicated both to East and West German societies and examined the relations between them.

Life

Uwe Johnson was in 1934 born in Kammin, Pomerania, Prussia. He spent his first year of life in Anklam, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, and he attended the secondary school in Guestrow from 1946, and after completing Abitur, he studied German studies in Rostock and Leipzig.

U. Johnson began to write the novel Mutmassungen über Jakob (Speculations about Jakob), published in 1959 in Frankfurt a. M with publisher Suhrkamp Verlag, the same year when The Tin Drum by G. Grass and Billard um halb zehn (Billiards at half-past ten) by H. Böll were published. After two years, Johnson moved to West Berlin in 1961. He promptly became associated with Gruppe 47, which Hans Magnus Enzensberger once described as "the Central Café of a literature without a capital".

During the early 1960s, Johnson continued to write and publish fiction, and also supported himself as a translator, mainly from English, and as an editor. He travelled to America in 1961. The following year he was married, had a daughter, received a scholarship to Villa Massimo, Rome, and won the Prix International.

In 1964 he wrote reviews for the Tagesspiegel of television programmes broadcast from East Germany, published later under the title Der 5. Kanal [The Fifth Channel], 1987). In the same year he also published a collection of stories, Karsch, und andere Prosa (Karsch, and Other Prose), and, two years later, Zwei Ansichten (Two Views).

In 1965, Johnson travelled again to the United States. He then edited Bertolt Brecht's Me-ti. Buch der Wendungen. Fragmente 1933–1956 (Me-ti: the Book of Changes. Fragments, 1933–1956). From 1966 to 1968, he worked in New York City as a textbook editor at Harcourt, Brace & World, and lived with his wife and their daughter in an apartment at 243 Riverside Drive (Manhattan). In 1967, he began work on his magnum opus, Jahrestage, and edited Das neue Fenster (The New Window), a textbook of German-language readings for English-speaking students learning German.

In February 1967, the Kommune 1 moved into Johnson's apartment building in West Berlin. He first learned in a newspaper report about a plan for a "pudding attack" on the U.S. Vice-President Hubert Humphrey.

Returning to West Germany in 1969, Johnson became a member of both its PEN Center and its Akademie der Künste (Academy of the Arts). In 1970, he published the first volume of his Jahrestage (Anniversaries). Two more volumes were to follow in the next three years, but the fourth volume did not appear until 1983.

In 1972, Johnson became Vice President of the Academy of the Arts and edited Max Frisch's Tagebuch 1966–1971.