毕希纳奖

格奥尔格·毕希纳奖（德语：Georg-Büchner-Preis）是德语文学奖项，以德国剧作家格奥尔格·毕希纳命名。毕希纳文学奖每年颁发一次，发给那些“用德语写作的，其全部作品对当代德国文化生活的形成有着杰出贡献的作家”，格奥尔格·毕希纳奖与歌德奖一起被认为是德语文学的最重要文学奖。

历史

格奥尔格·毕希纳奖创立于1923年，当时只是授予和毕希纳的故乡黑森有关的艺术家，获奖者包括视觉艺术家、诗人、演员和歌手。1951年，毕希纳奖改为文学奖，由德国语言和文学学院颁发，颁奖地为达姆施塔特， 从2002年起，奖金额为五万欧元。毕希纳奖的获得者中有五位后来获得了诺贝尔文学奖，分别是君特·格拉斯(1965)、海因里希·伯尔(1967)、埃利阿斯·卡内蒂(1972)、彼得·汉德克(1973)和耶利内克(1998)，因此毕希纳文学奖常被作为德语文学界的诺贝尔奖风向标。但也有不少获得诺贝尔奖的作家未曾获得毕希纳文学奖，比如赫塔·米勒和托马斯·曼。

The Georg Büchner Prize (German: Georg-Büchner-Preis) is the most important literary prize for German language literature. The award is named after dramatist and writer Georg Büchner, author of Woyzeck and Leonce and Lena. The Georg Büchner Prize is awarded annually for authors "writing in the German language who have notably emerged through their oeuvre as essential contributors to the shaping of contemporary German cultural life".

History

The Georg Büchner Prize was created in 1923 in memory of Georg Büchner and was only given to artists who came from or were closely tied to Büchner's home of Hesse. It was first awarded in 1923. Among the early recipients were mostly visual artists, poets, actors, and singers.

In 1951, the prize changed to a general literary prize, awarded annually by the Deutsche Akademie für Sprache und Dichtung. It goes to German language authors, and the annual speech by the recipient takes place in Darmstadt. Since 2002, the prize has been endowed with €50,000.

The Georg Büchner Prize and the Nobel Prize in Literature

Five winners of the Georg Büchner Prize, Günter Grass (1965), Heinrich Böll (1967), Elias Canetti (1972), Peter Handke (1973) and Elfriede Jelinek (1998) have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in subsequent years. The Georg Büchner Prize is frequently seen as an indicator for potential future Nobel Prize winners writing in the German language. Most recently, however, the Swedish Academy in Stockholm preceded the German Academy for Language and Literature in awarding a prolific writer from the German sprachraum. Herta Müller received the Nobel Prize in Literature but has not yet been awarded the Georg Büchner Prize.

Recipients 1923–50

1923 Adam Karrillon (1853–1938) and Arnold Mendelssohn (1855–1933)

1924 Alfred Bock (1859–1932) and Paul Thesing (1882–1954)

1925 Wilhelm Michel (1877–1942) and Rudolf Koch (1876–1934)

1926 Christian Heinrich Kleukens (1880–1954) and Wilhelm Petersen (1890–1957)

1927 Kasimir Edschmid (1890–1966) and Johannes Bischoff (1890–1957)

1928 Richard Hoelscher (1867–1943) and Well Habicht (1884–1966)

1929 Carl Zuckmayer (1896–1977) and Adam Antes (1891–1984)

1930 Nikolaus Schwarzkopf (1884–1962) and Johannes Lippmann (1858–1935)

1931 Alexander Posch (1890–1950) and Hans Simon (1897–1982)

1932 Albert H. Rausch (1882–1949) and Adolf Bode (1904–1970)

1933–44 not given

1945 Hans Schiebelhuth (1895–1944)

1946 Fritz Usinger (1895–1982)

1947 Anna Seghers (1900–1983)

1948 Hermann Heiss (1897–1967)

1949 Carl Gunschmann (1895–1984)

1950 Elisabeth Langgässer (1899–1950)