崔颢

崔颢（hào）（？—754年），汴州（今河南开封）人，祖籍博陵郡安平县（今河北省衡水市安平县），中国唐朝诗人。现存诗四十二首，其中包括《黄鹤楼》。

生平

崔颢生年无考。开元十年（722年）或十一年（723年）中进士。开元十三年（725年）在相州（今河南安阳），向宰相张说推荐过樊衡，崔颢此时所任官职不明。

登进士第后，大约在开元十八年（730年）到开元二十九年之间，曾在河东节度使军中代州都督杜希望手下任职。曾前往定襄郡进行纠察，亲断刑狱。开元二十九年（741年），担任扶沟县尉，其官位一直不显。约在天宝三载前，为太仆寺丞。天宝九载（750年）在监察御史上。官至司勋员外郎。天宝十三载（754年）卒于任上。

评价

崔颢的诗风在不同阶段有明显变化。殷璠《河岳英灵集》说他“年少为诗，名陷轻薄，晚节忽变常体，风骨凛然，一窥塞垣，说尽戎旅”。

崔颢四处游历，吟诗甚勤，其友人笑他吟诗吟得人也瘦（非子病如此，乃苦吟诗瘦耳）。

唐朝时，当时人常常将崔颢在诗歌创作上与王维并提。《旧唐书·文苑传》将他与王昌龄、高适、孟浩然并提。宋朝严羽在《沧浪诗话》中称崔颢的《黄鹤楼》诗是唐人七律第一。直到明清，崔颢的评价都一直很高。

著作

《新唐书·艺文志》著录崔颢诗一卷，《直斋书录题解》载其集一卷。《全唐诗》编录其诗一卷。明朝人辑有《崔颢集》。

《全唐文》载有崔颢文两篇，一篇为崔颢荐樊衡书；另一篇《荐齐秀才文》实为令狐楚的《荐齐孝若书》。赵明诚《金石录》载有《唐扶沟令马光淑颂》崔颢撰。但有目无文。2004年公布的《唐故居士钱府君夫人舒氏墓志铭并序》为崔颢撰。

轶闻

《新唐书》本传载有崔颢向李邕献诗，首章为“十五嫁王昌”，被李邕斥责为无礼。傅璇琮认为崔颢献诗当属于唐人行卷一类的行为，用来博取声誉，更容易登科。而崔颢登科之前，李邕正被贬谪偏远州县，崔颢不太可能向他献诗。

Cui Hao (simplified Chinese: 崔颢; traditional Chinese: 崔顥; pinyin: Cuī Hào; Wade–Giles: Ts'ui Hao, 704?–754) was a Chinese poet of the Tang dynasty in China and considered a main early exponent of the regulated verse form of Classical Chinese poetry (also known as jintishi).

Biography

Cui Hao was born in Biànzhōu (汴州, present day Kaifeng, Henan) and passed the imperial examinations in 723. He is known to have traveled extensively as an official, particularly between the years 723–744. He was known for three poetry topic - women, frontier outposts, and natural scenery. His life was initially conventional; along with Wang Wei, he was one of the perfectors of the jintishi form. Later, however, he acquired a reputation for disreputable personal behaviour and passed through several marriages. His later verse is similarly unconstrained.

Poems

Fifteen poems exist on the topic of women and fifteen poems exist on the latter two topics. A famous poem of his is the Yellow Crane Tower; which is one of the four of his poems included in the Three Hundred Tang Poems anthology, written in seven-character-per-line regulated verse, and which was later translated into English by Witter Bynner as "The Yellow Crane Terrace". Also included in the Three Hundred Tang Poems is a seven-character-per-line regular verse form poem written in the huaigu genre style on his passage through Huayin, north of Hua Shan, as well as two old or folk style pieces with erotic overtones.